Know the Basics
India doesn’t have a national language, but Hindi is the official one. Although English is commonly spoken as well, it is helpful to learn some commonly used phrases and local customs. For instance, it’s important to know that “namaste” means “hello” and “goodbye” in Hindi.
Similarly, hand gestures or common practices in America can be offensive in India. For instance, eating with the left hand is considered unclean, so eating with the right hand is a must. Even if you’re a lefty, try with the other to avoid being seen as dirty. Another important custom to remember is the Hindu religion’s reverence of cows. Cows are considered sacred, and killing or injuring them can lead to jail time. Steer clear (pun intended) of any restaurants or vendors serving beef. They are most likely serving it illegally. Don’t expect to bite into a typical Big Mac if you are craving a taste of home. Beef is not served in chain restaurants. Instead, try a Maharaja Mac which features a chicken patty between the buns.
Travel Made Easy
Hoofing it is inexpensive, but getting around a large country like India is much easier when using a faster mode of transportation. It’s also helpful to know which methods of travel are the most convenient, least expensive, quickest, etc. For instance, HCCMIS, a noted travel insurance company, recommends hiring a driver who has experience with India’s heavily populated streets and poor road conditions. They also provide more information for navigating the congested streets. “Most city streets are chaotic, narrow, and poorly maintained,” says Jarred Juett, a travel blogger for HCC. “However, you can hire a car and driver for a relatively low salary." Drivers usually cost as little as two US Dollars per day.
Train
This is the most affordable choice after your feet, but it is also often the most crowded. The plus side is that the train system literally covers the entire country and is safe and comfortable. There are over 14,000 trains operating throughout the country everyday.
Planes
Traveling by plane has become an affordable and efficient way to cover long distances in India. Be sure to confirm your flight a couple of days in advance because airport computers can be unreliable also and be prepared for long waits.
Buses, Taxis, and Rickshaws
Instead of driving yourself, taxis, buses and rickshaws are all safe and inexpensive options. Traveling by plane is an affordable way to reach remote locations, but watch out for long waits at the airport. The train is, by far, the most affordable choice, but often the most crowded. No matter the preferred method of travel, having a travel buddy is a key factor in staying safe.
Barter Like a Local
One of the most fun (or most frustrating) parts about visiting India is bartering with local vendors. While it’s unheard of to bargain for lower prices in American stores, it’s unheard of not to do so in India. By using the right haggling techniques, it’s possible to negotiate prices down to less than half of the original price. Those completely new to Indian prices should do research beforehand to find out what items typically cost. It pays to be assertive—shoppers should state firmly how much an item should cost. If the vendor doesn’t accept, the best plan is to simply walk away. Either the vendor will change his mind or that item can likely be found somewhere else.
Don’t Drink the Water
When studying in a foreign country, it’s normal to want to see, do, and eat all the area has to offer. However, doing so could cause some pretty serious stomach issues later on or at least ruin your trip. Finding the safest restaurant or vendor is as simple as following the locals’ example. Empty stalls or restaurants are empty for a reason. If a place is busy, that means it has a good reputation for being sanitary and having healthy food.
For the more adventurous foodie, there are a few more warning signals to watch out for. Wise restaurant patrons will pay strict attention to the way food and drinks are prepared. Food prepared after it’s ordered is a safer bet than something that’s been sitting on the counter for who knows how long. It's a good idea to ask vendors to prepare something fresh. If they refuse, there's surely another nearby who will. Similarly, peeled fruit is safer to eat than pieces with the peel still on; fresh-looking fruit from vendors is often doused with less-than-sanitary water. A little research can go a long way, especially when traveling to a foreign country.